Fri Dec 23 2022

122 articles - From Friday Dec 16 2022 to Friday Dec 23 2022

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Guidelines

Guidelines and related publications, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…


Meta-analysis

meta-analyses and systematic reviews

Lancet

Effects of race and ethnicity on perinatal outcomes in high-income and upper-middle-income countries: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 2198655 pregnancies.

The effects of race and ethnicity on adverse perinatal outcomes did not vary by region. Funding National Institute for Health and Care Research, Wellbeing of Women.

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The impact of urbanisation on the cardiometabolic health of Indigenous Brazilian peoples: a systematic review and meta-analysis, and data from the Brazilian Health registry.

These data highlight the urgent need for environmental policies to ensure the conservation of the natural ecosystem within Indigenous territories, as well as the development of socio-health policies to improve the cardiovascular health of Indigenous Brazilians peoples living in urban areas. Funding None.

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Original articles

RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…

Ann Intern Med

Effect of Calorie-Unrestricted Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Versus High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Persons with T2DM on a 6-month, calorie-unrestricted, LCHF diet had greater clinically meaningful improvements in glycemic control and weight compared with those on an HCLF diet, but the changes were not sustained 3 months after intervention. Primary funding source Novo Nordisk Foundation.

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Effectiveness of an Intervention to Improve Decision Making for Older Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

DART improved decision quality and clarified treatment preferences among older adults with advanced CKD for 6 months after the DART intervention. Primary funding source Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI).

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How Would You Manage This Patient With Chronic Insomnia? : Grand Rounds Discussion From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.

Here, 2 clinicians with expertise in sleep disorders-one a clinical psychologist and the other a physician-debate the management of a patient with chronic insomnia who has been treated with medications. They discuss the role of behavioral and psychological interventions and pharmacologic therapy for chronic insomnia and how the primary care practitioner should approach such a patient.

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Left Atrial Mechanical Dysfunction and the Risk for Ischemic Stroke in People Without Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation or Stroke : A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective To evaluate the association of echocardiographic left atrial function (reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain) and left atrial size (left atrial volume index) with ischemic stroke and determine whether these measures can improve the stroke prediction achieved by CHA -VASc variables, left atrial reservoir strain improves stroke prediction and yields a predicted net benefit, as shown by decision curve analysis. Primary funding source National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health.

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Monkeypox in Montréal: Epidemiology, Phylogenomics, and Public Health Response to a Large North American Outbreak.

A large outbreak of monkeypox occurred in Montréal, primarily among MSM. Successful control of the outbreak rested on early and sustained engagement with the affected communities and rapid offer of PrEP vaccination to at-risk persons. Primary funding source None.

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Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large U.S. Health System : A Population-Based Cohort Study.

The overall risk for hospitalization or death was already low (1%) after an outpatient diagnosis of COVID-19, but nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir reduced this risk further. Primary funding source National Institutes of Health.

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Lancet

9 months of delamanid, linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide versus conventional therapy for treatment of fluoroquinolone-sensitive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-END): a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 2/3 non-inferiority trial in South Korea.

Interpretation 9-month treatment with oral delamanid, linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide could represent a new treatment option for participants with fluoroquinolone-sensitive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Funding Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, South Korea.

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An anti-OX40 antibody to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b study.

Treatment was well tolerated. Funding Kyowa Kirin.

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Comparison of two chemotherapy regimens in patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma (EE2012): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Interpretation Dose-intensive chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and etoposide is more effective, less toxic, and shorter in duration for al stages of newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma than vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide induction and should now be the standard of care for Ewing sarcoma. Funding The European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development, and Demonstration; The National Coordinating Centre in France, Centre Léon Bérard; SFCE; Ligue contre le cancer; Cancer Research UK.

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Emraclidine, a novel positive allosteric modulator of cholinergic M4 receptors, for the treatment of schizophrenia: a two-part, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1b trial.

Interpretation These data support further investigation of emraclidine as a once-daily treatment for schizophrenia without need for titration and with a potentially favourable side-effect profile. Funding Cerevel Therapeutics.

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Population-level contribution of interpersonal discrimination to psychological distress among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, and to Indigenous-non-Indigenous inequities: cross-sectional analysis of a community-controlled First Nations cohort study.

Urgent individual and policy action is required of non-Indigenous people and colonial structures, directed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Funding National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Ian Potter Foundation, Australian Research Council, US National Institutes of Health, and Sierra Foundation.

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Racial disparities in recommendations for surgical resection of primary brain tumours: a registry-based cohort analysis.

Further studies are needed to understand drivers of this bias and enhance equality in surgical care. Funding None.

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N Engl J Med

Chlorthalidone vs. Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension-Cardiovascular Events.

In this large pragmatic trial of thiazide diuretics at doses commonly used in clinical practice, patients who received chlorthalidone did not have a lower occurrence of major cardiovascular outcome events or non-cancer-related deaths than patients who received hydrochlorothiazide. (Funded by the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02185417.).

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Deep Intronic FGF14 GAA Repeat Expansion in Late-Onset Cerebellar Ataxia.

Results In the six French Canadian patients, we identified a GAA repeat expansion deep in the first intron of was found to be associated with LOCA. (Funded by Fondation Groupe Monaco and others.).

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Glofitamab for Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Glofitamab therapy was effective for DLBCL. More than half the patients had an adverse event of grade 3 or 4. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03075696.).

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Randomized Trial of Vaccines for Zaire Ebola Virus Disease.

No safety concerns were identified in this trial. With al three vaccine regimens, immune responses were seen from day 14 through month 12. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; PREVAC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02876328; EudraCT numbers, 2017-001798-18 and 2017-001798-18/3rd; and Pan African Clinical Trials Registry number, PACTR201712002760250.).

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Talquetamab, a T-Cell-Redirecting GPRC5D Bispecific Antibody for Multiple Myeloma.

Cytokine release syndrome, skin-related events, and dysgeusia were common with talquetamab treatment but were primarily low-grade. Talquetamab induced a substantial response among patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development; MonumenTAL-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03399799.).

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Trial of Beremagene Geperpavec (B-VEC) for Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.

Complete wound healing at 3 and 6 months in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa was more likely with topical administration of B-VEC than with placebo. Pruritus and mild systemic side effects were observed in patients treated with B-VEC. Longer and larger trials are warranted to determine the durability and side effects of B-VEC for this disease. (Funded by Krystal Biotech; GEM-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04491604.).

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Zanubrutinib or Ibrutinib in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

In patients with relapsed or refractory CLL or SLL, progression-free survival was significantly longer among patients who received zanubrutinib than among those who received ibrutinib, and zanubrutinib was associated with fewer cardiac adverse events. (Funded by BeiGene; ALPINE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03734016.).

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Reviews&Editorials

Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link

Ann Intern Med

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance.

In addition, MGUS has been associated with several nonmalignant yet symptomatic disorders that require therapy directed toward eliminating the monoclonal gammopathy. Thus, it is important not only to understand the essentials of diagnosing and monitoring patients with MGUS but also to recognize when to refer patients with MGUS to a specialist.

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Lancet

A call to accelerate an end to human rabies deaths.

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Advancing racial and ethnic equity in health.

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Challenges and opportunities for educating health professionals after the COVID-19 pandemic.

They converge with other societal changes, such as globalisation of health care and increasing concerns of health disparities across the world, that were exacerbated by the pandemic. In this Health Policy, we list institutional and instructional reforms to assess what has happened to health-professional education since the publication of the Lancet Commission and how the COVID-19 pandemic altered the education process.

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Confronting the consequences of racism, xenophobia, and discrimination on health and health-care systems.

Actions need to consider the historical, economic, and political contexts in which the effects of racism, xenophobia, and discrimination affect health. We propose several specific actions: a commission that explores how we action the approaches laid out in this paper; building a conversation and a series of events with international multilateral agency stakeholders to raise the issue and profile of racism, xenophobia, and discrimination within health; and using our multiple platforms to build coalitions, expand knowledge, highlight inequities, and advocate for change across the world.

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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Non-classic (mild) forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21OH deficiency are more common than the classic ones; they are detected clinically and primarily identified in female patients with hirsutism or impaired fertility. Novel treatment approaches are emerging with the aim of mimicking physiological circadian cortisol rhythm or to reduce adrenal hyperandrogenism independent of the suppressive effect of glucocorticoids.

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Executive summary.

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Innovation for infection prevention and control-revisiting Pasteur's vision.

We focused on Pasteur's far-sighted conceptualisation of the hospital as a reservoir of microorganisms and amplifier of transmission, aseptic technique in surgery, public health education, interdisciplinary working, and the protection of health services and patients. Examples from across the globe help inform future thinking for IPC innovation, adoption, scale up and sustained use.

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Intersectional insights into racism and health: not just a question of identity.

Although experiences are diverse, the case studies show commonalities in how discrimination operates to affect health and wellbeing: how historical factors and coloniality shape contemporary experiences of race and racism; how racism leads to separation and hierarchies across shifting lines of identity and privilege; how racism and discrimination are institutionalised at a systems level and are embedded in laws, regulations, practices, and health systems; how discrimination, minoritisation, and exclusion are racialised processes, influenced by visible factors and tacit knowledge; and how racism is a form of structural violence. These insights allow us to begin to articulate starting points for justice-based action that addresses root causes, engages beyond the health sector, and encourages transnational solidarity.

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Midterm elections in the USA: a pivotal moment for health.

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Novel and emerging treatments for major depression.

In the past 10 years, treatment trials have developed and tested many new targeted interventions. In this Review, we assess novel and emerging biological treatments for major depressive disorder, evaluate their putative brain and body mechanisms, and highlight how close each might be to clinical use.

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Offline: The slave trade-medicine's necessary remorse.

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Pasteur's legacy in 21st century medicine.

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Racialising genetic risk: assumptions, realities, and recommendations.

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Racism, xenophobia, and discrimination: mapping pathways to health outcomes.

We explore how individuals respond to and internalise these complex mechanisms psychologically, behaviourally, and physiologically. The evidence shows that racism, xenophobia, and discrimination affect a range of health outcomes across al ages around the world, and remain embedded within the universal challenges we face, from COVID-19 to the climate emergency.

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Racism, xenophobia, discrimination, and the determination of health.

These leaders exploit racism, xenophobia, and other forms of discrimination to divide and control populations, with immediate and long-term consequences for both individual and population health. The COVID-19 pandemic and transnational racial justice movements have brought renewed attention to persisting structural racial injustice.

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N Engl J Med

Audio Interview: Applying New Studies of Mpox and Ebola to Covid-19.

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Bispecific Antibodies in Lymphoma - Another Win for T Cells.

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Risks of Infectious Disease in Xenotransplantation.

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The Coming of Age of Topical Gene Therapy for Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.

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The Expanding Clinical Role of Bifunctional Antibodies.

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Thiazide-like versus Thiazide Diuretics - Finally, an Answer?

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Topical Gene Therapy for Epidermolysis Bullosa.

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Miscellaneous

misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…

Ann Intern Med

Annals Consult Guys - Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation.

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Annals for Educators - December 2022.

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Annals for Hospitalists - December 2022.

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Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - The Future of Hospital-at-Home Care.

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Annals Graphic Medicine - Please Welcome the Class of 2024 to the Wards.

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Annals On Call - Benefits of Sigmoidoscopy for Colon Cancer Screening.

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Atrial Cardiopathy and Cardioembolic Stroke.

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Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Initiating First-Line Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin.

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Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Initiating First-Line Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin.

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Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Ambulatory COVID-19: Expanding Evidence, Expanding Role.

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Prevention and Initial Management of HIV Infection.

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Prevention and Initial Management of HIV Infection.

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Shared Decision Making for Older Adults: Time to Move Beyond Dialysis as a Default.

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Summary for Patients: Effect of Calorie-Unrestricted Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Versus High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

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Lancet

"They see us differently": advancing health for Roma.

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A new cholinergic mechanism for antipsychotics: emraclidine and M4 muscarinic receptors.

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An urgent call to address interpersonal and structural racism and social inequities in Australia.

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Bacterial pathogens and climate change.

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Bicuspid or unicuspid aortic valve? That is the question, in a 38-year-old woman with Down syndrome and newly diagnosed diaphragmatic hernia.

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Building on Pasteur's legacy: producing vaccines in Africa.

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Celebrating choice in the care of people living with drug-resistant tuberculosis.

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Challenges and opportunities in interprofessional education and practice.

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Community pandemic response: the importance of action led by communities and the public sector.

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Directly observed therapy.

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Healthy and thriving: advancing anti-racism evidence and solutions to transform the health of Black communities.

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Highlights 2022: sharpening the focus on powerful health stories.

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Honouring the multitudes: removing structural racism in medical education.

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How can research funders advance racial equity?

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How do we collect good-quality data on race and ethnicity and address the trust gap?

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Indigenous health in Brazil: from vulnerable to protagonists.

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Interferon shrinks spleen in pregnant patient with myeloproliferative neoplasm.

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Long-term disease control in atopic dermatitis using biologics.

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Louis Pasteur's public engagement.

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Louis Pasteur, COVID-19, and the social challenges of epidemics.

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Modest health goals for new US Congress.

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Pakistan's growing HIV epidemic.

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Plugging the medical brain drain.

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Race, ethnicity, and ill health: making the non-modifiable modifiable.

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Racial disparities in physician decision making for primary brain tumours.

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Recurrent rectal bleeding in a teenager caused by a cavernous haemangioma of the sigmoid colon.

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Research focus: Pasteur Institute of Dakar.

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Research focus: the Ubuntu Center.

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Science knows no country: fulfilling Louis Pasteur's legacy.

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The Lancet Commission on 21st-Century Global Health Threats.

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The need for metrics to measure progress on racial equity in global public health and medicine.

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Towards a new era in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.

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Winner of the 2022 Wakley Prize: compassion and connection.

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Workforce and workplace racism in health systems: organisations are diverse but not inclusive.

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N Engl J Med

A Covid-19 Milestone Attained - A Correlate of Protection for Vaccines.

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A Step toward Interoperability of Health IT.

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Case 38-2022: A 21-Year-Old Woman with Fatigue and Weight Gain.

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Hereditary Geniospasm.

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Mandatory Reporting of Emissions to Achieve Net-Zero Health Care.

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Skin Necrosis after Transarterial Chemoembolization.

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The Implications of the 2022 Election Outcome for Health Policy.

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The Josephine Way.

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Weight and Health - Pathophysiology and Therapies.

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Letters&Replies

Letters to the editors and authors’ replies

Lancet

"Your people have always been servants": internalised racism in academic medicine.

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Elsevier must end its fossil fuel partnerships and subsidies - Publisher's reply.

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Elsevier must end its fossil fuel partnerships and subsidies.

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How to make India's National Family Health Survey more gender-sensitive.

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Measures of sex, gender, and sexual orientation: ideological narratives or empirical evidence?

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Measures of sex, gender, and sexual orientation: ideological narratives or empirical evidence? - Authors' reply.

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Monkeypox exposure during pregnancy: what does UK public health guidance advise?

Pubmed   Journal   ReadQx 

Monkeypox exposure during pregnancy: what does UK public health guidance advise? - Authors' reply.

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Pandemic solidarity across national borders saved lives.

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Revisiting RECORD4.

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The chaud must go on.

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The global need for smart heat-health warning systems.

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N Engl J Med

GPRC5D-Targeted CAR T Cells for Myeloma.

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GPRC5D-Targeted CAR T Cells for Myeloma. Reply.

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Ivermectin Treatment for Covid-19.

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Ivermectin Treatment for Covid-19.

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Ivermectin Treatment for Covid-19.

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Ivermectin Treatment for Covid-19. Reply.

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MPXV Transmission at a Tattoo Parlor.

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Trial of Metformin, Ivermectin, and Fluvoxamine for Covid-19.

Pubmed   Journal   ReadQx 

Trial of Metformin, Ivermectin, and Fluvoxamine for Covid-19. Reply.

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